Appendix: Carbon-14 Dating

Radiocarbon testing measures the carbon-14 (C-14) in a sample of organic material. Carbon-14 is a radioactive isotope and decays with time. The older the sample is, the less carbon-14 it contains, and thus it is possible to come to a conclusion about the material’s age. The method has been in use since the mid-twentieth century and has revolutionized archaeology. The textiles in this appendix were dated at the Radiocarbon Accelerator Unit in the Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art, University of Oxford.

 

Ritual Cloth (Bidak), 2017.48.14

Lampung or Komering, Sumatra, Indonesia
Dated: 15th–16th century

 
 

Ritual Cloth (Bidak), 2017.48.16

Komering, Sumatra, Indonesia
Dated: 18th century

 
 

Ritual Cloth (Bidak), ILE2012.30.109

Lampung, Sumatra, Indonesia
Dated: 17th–18th century

 
 

Ritual Cloth (Bidak), ILE2019.12.135

Lampung or Komering, Sumatra, Indonesia
Dated: 17th–early 18th century

 
 

Ritual Cloth (Bidak), ILE2019.12.136

Campang Tiga, Komering, Sumatra, Indonesia
Dated: 17th–early 18th century

 
 

Ritual Cloth (Bidak or Tutup Jenazah), ILE2019.12.139

possibly Komering, Sumatra, Indonesia
Dated: late 17th–18th century

 
 

Funerary Shroud (Bidak or Tutup Jenazah), ILE2012.30.69

Komering or Lampung, Sumatra, Indonesia
Dated: 17th–early 18th century

 
 

Woman’s Ceremonial Skirt (Tapis), ILE2006.4.142

Lampung, Sumatra, Indonesia
Dated: 16th–17th century

 
 

Woman’s Ceremonial Skirt (Tapis), ILE2006.4.149

Paminggir, Lampung, Sumatra, Indonesia
Dated: 17th–18th century

 
 

Woman’s Ceremonial Skirt (Tapis), ILE2019.12.205

Lampung, Sumatra, Indonesia
Dated: 19th century

 
 

Woman’s Ceremonial Skirt (Tapis), ILE2019.12.210

Paminggir, Lampung, Sumatra, Indonesia
Dated: mid-17th century

 
 

Shoulder Cloth (Limar), ILE2006.4.270

Lampung or Komering, Sumatra, Indonesia
Dated: probably 18th century

 
 

Young Man’s Dancing Waist Wrapper (Bidak), ILE2006.4.311

Lampung or Bengkulu, Sumatra, Indonesia
Dated: mid‑17th to 18th century

 
 

Ceremonial Band (Tali Tau Batu), ILE2010.8.53

Rongkong Toraja, Sulawesi, Indonesia
Dated: 17th–early 18th century

 
 

Three Fragments from Waist Wrappers (Sarung), ILE2006.4.56

probably Minahassa, Sulawesi, Indonesia
Dated: 16th century

 
 

Woman’s Skirt, ILE2006.4.86

probably Minahassa, Sulawesi, Indonesia
Dated: 16th century

 
 

Ritual Cloth (Osap), ILE2006.4.194

Sasak, Sembalun or Bayan, Lombok, Indonesia
Dated: 17th–18th century

 
 

Ritual Cloth (Osap), ILE2006.4.344

Sasak, Bayan, Lombok, Indonesia
Dated: mid‑17th to 18th century

 
 

Ceremonial Cloth (Osap or Pesujutan), ILE2012.30.57

Sasak, Lombok, Indonesia
Dated: 15th century

 
 

Ritual Cloth (Subahanila), ILE2019.12.131

Raja Selaparang, Lombok, Indonesia
Dated: 19th century

 
 

Waist Wrapper (Sarung), ILE2012.30.839

Timor, Indonesia
Dated: mid‑19th century

 
 

Waist Wrapper (Sarung), ILE2012.30.902

Timor, Indonesia
Dated: mid‑17th to 18th century

 
 

Chinese Textile Fragment, ILE2019.12.138

China, late Yuan or Ming dynasty, found in Lampung, Sumatra, Indonesia
Dated: late 17th–18th century

 
 

Indian Trade Textile (Sarasa), ILE2019.12.173

Gujarat, India, found in Toraja, Sulawesi, Indonesia
Dated: 18th century